An example舉例
I always seem to understand better with an example, so here's a basic one.
我好象總要舉例才比較明白，來(lái)個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子。
Say you want to research Code of Laws which has a base cost of 350 beakers, the mandatory requirement of Writing and the optional (meaning you must research one of them) requirements of (Priesthood or Currency).
假設(shè)你想研究律法（code of laws），它的基本成本是350燒杯，強(qiáng)制性前提是書(shū)寫（writing），選擇性前提（意為你要多選一）是祭伺（priesthood）或貨幣（currency）。
You know Writing and Priesthood
你掌握書(shū)寫和祭伺。
You produce 37 net beakers per turn and 3 other civilizations know it out of 7 who started the map.
你的凈燒杯為每回合37，并且，初始的7家文明中有3家已經(jīng)掌握了。
You started on a standard map (1.4 modifier) at the monarch difficulty level (1.15 modifier) at epic game speed (1.5 modifier).
你用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地圖（修正1.4）、難度君王（修正1.15）、游戲速度史詩(shī)（修正1.5）
Your cost would be:你的成本將是：
FLOOR (FLOOR (FLOOR (350 * 1.15) * 1.4) * 1.5)
下取整（下取整（下取整（350 * 1.15）*1.4）*1.5）
FLOOR (350 * 1.15) = 402
FLOOR (402 * 1.4) = 562
FLOOR (562 * 1.5) = 843
Total cost = 843 總成本843
The amount of beakers applied to code of laws would be:
投入律法的燒杯量應(yīng)為：
FLOOR (FLOOR ((37 + 1) * (1 + RDDW (0.30 * 3 / 7))) * (1 + 0.2 * (0.2 * 0))
下取整（下取整（（37 + 1）*（1 + 取整（0.30 * 3 / 7）））*（1 + 0.2 *（0.2 * 0））
1 + RDDW (0.30 * 3 / 7) = 1.12
FLOOR (38 * 1.12) = 42
FLOOR (42 * 1.2) = 50
Beakers applied to Code of Laws/turn = 50每回合投入律法的燒杯量 ＝ 50

Note that having Writing AND Priesthood only gives you a bonus modifier of 1.2 because you must have at LEAST Writing PLUS one of the optional prerequisites to be able to research Code of Laws. If you also had Currency, then the modifier would be 1.4.
注意掌握書(shū)寫和祭伺只得到1.2的修正，因?yàn)槟惚仨氄莆諘?shū)寫和至少一項(xiàng)選擇性前提才能開(kāi)始研究律法。如果同時(shí)掌握貨幣，則修正值應(yīng)為1.4。
Overflow
The overflow is calculated by the modifiers from the PREVIOUS Technology. Therefore, if you finished researching Writing this turn, and you had all THREE optional requirements, the overflow beakers which applied to your next technology would be equal to however many you had left USING THE MODIFIERS FOR Writing after finishing Writing. So, your Requirements modifier would be 1.6 (1.2 * 3). So, you could conceivable get a significant boost toward your next tech OVER WHAT YOU SHOULD HAVE GOTTEN if you have a lot of overflow.
盈余
盈余是基于上一個(gè)科技，通過(guò)修正計(jì)算得出。因此，如果玩家本回合完成書(shū)寫的研究，并滿足全部三項(xiàng)選擇性前提，盈余、且會(huì)用于下一項(xiàng)科研的燒杯量將等于研究書(shū)寫完成時(shí)剩余的、經(jīng)過(guò)研究書(shū)寫修正的燒杯數(shù)，不論此數(shù)是多少。這里，玩家的前提修正應(yīng)為1.6（1.2*3）。因此玩家可以設(shè)想，如果有好多盈余，下一項(xiàng)科研就比理應(yīng)獲得的速度得到明顯的提高。

Repercussions影響
1) It can be VERY important to establish contact with all the other civilizations in order to speed your beakers applied count. You could potentially be making 28% (17 known civs w/ tech/ 18 civs total) more beakers than you normally could on a tech. This is especially true on harder difficulties. If you just meet half of the other civs, your research on techs known by the others would improve by 14%. This is probably the biggest repercussion of the calculation.
1）為加速燒杯生產(chǎn)量，與其它文明建立聯(lián)系非常重要。一項(xiàng)科研中，燒杯增值的潛力為28%（17個(gè)有接觸的、有科技的文明 / 18個(gè)總文明）。難度越高，可能性越大。如果玩家只見(jiàn)過(guò)半數(shù)的文明，科研增值應(yīng)為14%。這大概是計(jì)算的最大影響。
2) If you're going to research several technologies and one is an optional requirement of another, research the optional one first as that will boost your research toward the other one unless you have a specific reason for researching the other one.
2）如果可以研究多項(xiàng)科技，而其中一項(xiàng)是另一項(xiàng)的選擇性前提，應(yīng)先研究前提項(xiàng)，這樣可以給另一項(xiàng)加速，除非研究有明確的目的性。
3) If you're researching the starting techs (no prerequisites modifier), try to reduce the amount of overflow you have, as you're multiplying it by the lowest amount possible. It would be better spent earning some gold which may be necessary to run a deficit research job.
3）如果研究起始科技（無(wú)前提修正），應(yīng)盡量減少盈余，因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)的盈余修正最低。還不如掙些資金，以備科研造成赤字時(shí)的周轉(zhuǎn)。
4) If you're researching a tech which is known by a lot of people and which has many optional prerequisites which you already have, try to time it so that you end a turn with 1 beaker left to research that tech. The next turn INCREASE the amount of commerce you generate in order to increase the research overflow on the next turn to the max amount possible. You could potentially generate 104.8% ((1 + 17 known civs w/ tech/18 civs) * 1.6 [tech w/ 3 optional prerequisites]) more beakers of overflow than you normally would for that tech (assuming it's from Writing to a Starting Tech which no one knows. I know, it's unlikely. ). However, for a realistic overflow difference getting almost 46% (1.25 * 1.4 / 1.2) more beakers in overflow is very feasible.
4）如果玩家正在研發(fā)的科技已經(jīng)眾所周知，而且多項(xiàng)選擇性前提玩家也都具備，即應(yīng)嘗試完工前一回合剩余1個(gè)燒杯，并在下一回合開(kāi)足商業(yè)馬力以爭(zhēng)取最大的盈余。玩家最大能比正常盈余（假設(shè)從書(shū)寫轉(zhuǎn)到一項(xiàng)無(wú)人掌握的起始科技，我也知道這不太可能――根本不可能，每家文明兩項(xiàng)初始科技，這小子打算18家文明擠在 5個(gè)初始科技里，他除了寫數(shù)學(xué)公式，也該用用手指頭?。┒?04.8%的燒杯（（1 + 17有接觸且掌握該科技/18）*1.6（有3項(xiàng)選擇性前提））。不過(guò)，實(shí)際燒杯盈余差額很可能達(dá)到46%（1.25 * 1.4 / 1.2）。
5) Pre-Alphabet (and possibly in non-tech trading games), you will be able to determine the number of known players with a certain tech but not who has this specific tech unless all known or no known civs have it. (thx to DaviddesJ for pointing this out).
[First tech = 6 known civs w/ tech out of 7 civs and 1 additional optional prerequisite obtained]
[Second tech = no known civs with tech and no additional optional prerequisites obtained]
like Paper w/ Civil Service and Theology to Education.
5）前字母時(shí)代（包括設(shè)定無(wú)科技交換的游戲），玩家可以確定掌握特定科技的文明數(shù)量，但不知道誰(shuí)掌握，除非恰好是所有有聯(lián)系或無(wú)聯(lián)系的文明（感謝DaviddesJ指出）。
[第一個(gè)科技＝6家有聯(lián)系且掌握該科技/7個(gè)文明，外加滿足1項(xiàng)選擇性前提]
[第二個(gè)科技＝?jīng)]有有聯(lián)系且掌握該科技的文明，也沒(méi)有滿足選擇性前提]
比如掌握了文官制的紙張和教育對(duì)神學(xué)。
？？（人話？這鬼子是為了數(shù)學(xué)而數(shù)學(xué)的家伙，甭指望他能做出好游戲來(lái)，或者原文是配圖片的。是指游戲自動(dòng)推薦的兩個(gè)科技？還是科研總額的變化？）
6) Similar to repercussion #5, if the AI is ahead of you in tech, you will be able to determine the number of known players with a technology which is BEYOND your research ability (i.e., those you do not have the prerequisite technologies for) but not who has this specific tech unless all known or no known civs have it. NOTE: there would also be times where you would NOT know whether another known civ has the tech as the civ modifier would be small enough that no difference could be detected. (thx to Roland Johanson for pointing this out.)
6）與影響5）類似，如果電腦的科技領(lǐng)先玩家，玩家能了解超越自身研究能力的科技（沒(méi)有滿足前提）有多少文明掌握，但是不能知道誰(shuí)掌握了這項(xiàng)科技，除非恰好是所有有聯(lián)系或無(wú)聯(lián)系的文明。注意：有時(shí)，有接觸文明掌握科技的修正量太小，不足以被發(fā)現(xiàn)（感謝Roland Johanson指出此點(diǎn)）。
7) If you don't choose a tech as soon as you found your first city, you are probably losing a bonus (if you don't choose a starting tech). This might not be that significant, but when every beaker counts, losing two beakers in the beginning might mean the difference between getting that iron rush 1 turn faster.
7）如果建立第一座城市后玩家不挑選一項(xiàng)科技，就可能喪失一份獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)（如果沒(méi)挑選起始科技）。這可能不太重要，不過(guò)在每個(gè)燒杯都很重要的時(shí)候，上來(lái)就損失2個(gè)燒杯也許等于搶鐵的時(shí)候差1回合。
8) If you have a neighbor who you're thinking of killing off who has techs which you have not researched yet, it might not be worth it to kill them off UNTIL you've researched the tech (1 neighbor who knows the tech in a 7 player game will provide a 1.04 boost).
8）如果玩家打算干掉已經(jīng)掌握先進(jìn)科技的鄰居，也許應(yīng)該在研發(fā)之后再推平（在7人游戲中，一個(gè)掌握科技的鄰居可提供4%的加速）。