刺劍

  特大劍講完了，說說名為刺劍的刺劍(ESTOC)。

  The Estoc

  刺劍其實名為破甲劍。

  A form of long, rigid,pointed, triangular or square bladed and virtually edgeless sword designed for thrusting intoplate-armor was the estoc.

  破甲劍是一種較長剛硬且尖銳的劍身橫截面成三角或者菱形的無刃的劍,專為刺入板甲而設(shè)計。

  Calleda stocco in Italian, estoque in Spanish, a tuck in English, Panzerstecher or Dreiecker inGerman, and a kanzer in Eastern Europe.

  意大利人一般稱它為stocco，西班牙人一般稱它為estoque，英國人把它叫做tuck，德國人稱之a(chǎn)nzerstecher或Dreiecker。

  They were usedwith two hands and similar to great-swords (but were unrelated to laterrapiers).

  它和大劍比較相似，人們一般雙手使用(但它和后來的輕劍不同)。

  They were used in two hands with the second hand oftengripping the blade.

  雙手使用時，次手一般握住劍的刃部。

  Some were sharpened only near the point and othersmight have one or two large round hand guards.

  有些破甲劍只有在接近劍尖的部分開刃，有些還有一個或兩個巨大的劍格。

  Rapiers aresometimes mistakenly referred to as tucks, and there is evidence that duringthe Renaissance some rapiers may have been referred to as such by the English.

  輕劍有時總是被誤認為與破甲劍，并且有證據(jù)表明，在文藝復(fù)興時期，有些輕劍在英語中被指認為破甲劍。

  In French "estoc" itself means to thrust.

  在法語中estos這個詞就是刺入的意思。

  然后真正的刺劍是怎么樣的呢(ricassos)。

  Cut & ThrustSwords劈刺劍

  The term "cut and thrust sword" is a generalone which can be applied to a whole range of blade forms (field swords, sideswords, arming swords).

  “劈刺劍”泛指幾乎所有刀劍(戰(zhàn)場刀field swords、佩劍side swords、武裝劍arming swords)。

  However, the Renaissance military sword is generallycharacterized by a swept or compound-hilt, a narrow cut-and-thrust blade withstronger cross-section, and tapering tip.

  然而，這種文藝復(fù)興時期的軍用劍具有特征性的意大利式圈狀劍柄Swept-hilt式或復(fù)合劍柄compound-hilt、細長而高強度的劈刺劍身、并且有一個錐形的劍尖。

  A direct descendant of the medieval knightly sword,the cut and thrust sword was used by lightly armed footmen as well as civiliansin the 16th and 17th centuries.

  作為中世紀騎士劍的衍生物，在十六十七世紀劈刺劍總是裝備在輕甲步兵和老百姓身上。

  During thistime they were employed against a range of armored and unarmored opponents.

  在那段時間里，他們被雇傭來對抗一系列有裝甲和無裝甲的對手。

  They were popular for sword & buckler and sword& dagger fighting.

  劈刺劍在小圓盾+劍與匕首+劍的比賽的優(yōu)秀表現(xiàn)，使其很受歡迎。

  They utilized an innovative one-handed grip fingeringthe ricasso (a dull portion of blade just above the guard).

  他們使用了一種創(chuàng)新性的單手劍把，這讓他們能用手指操控ricasso(靠近劍格的一段劍身不開鋒)。

  Renaissance cut & thrust swords should not bereferred to as "early Renaissance swords" since they were actually inuse throughout the period.

  文藝復(fù)興時期的劈刺劍不應(yīng)該當(dāng)作是早期文藝復(fù)興的劍，因為事實上人們整個時期都在使用它。

  Military andcivilian forms of them existed before, during and after the development of therapier.

  劈刺劍的軍用和民用的版本很早以前就存在了，貫穿迅捷劍發(fā)展的前后。

  For example, similar blades (with and without ricassosand compound hilts) saw use in the English Civil War and even later.

  舉個例子，類似的劍(有以及沒有ricassos和復(fù)合劍格)被用于英國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)甚至更晚。

  They shouldalso not be referred to as "sword-rapiers" or "earlyrapiers", although in a sense, some of them were.

  劈刺劍不應(yīng)該被當(dāng)作普通劍和迅捷劍的混合或早期迅捷劍，盡管在某種意義上，有些劈刺劍的確是。

  Renaissance cut & thrust swords were their owndistinct sword type.

  文藝復(fù)興時期的劈刺劍明顯是獨立的劍的類型。

  Although sometimes considered a "transition"form, this is inaccurate as they were both the ancestor and contemporary of therapier for which they are often misidentified.

  雖然劈刺劍有時候被認為是過渡的劍種，但與它經(jīng)常與其混淆的迅捷劍不一樣，因為劈刺劍可以說是迅捷劍的祖先與現(xiàn)狀。

  Some forms ofcage & basket hilts blades are occasionally referred to as "ridingswords" by collectors and curators, and sometimes even as"broadswords".

  有些形式的籠手劍偶爾被一些收藏家與管理員當(dāng)作騎士劍，有時甚至當(dāng)作闊刃劍。

  However, the 16th century Italians did sometimesdistinguish between spada da cavallo, or a blade for horsemen, spadada fante, an infantry sword for foot-soldiers, and later spada dalato (side sword), a civilian cut-and-thrust sword, a form of which onlylater became the rapier (in modern times sometimes called a stricia).

  然而，16世紀的意大利人有時會區(qū)分spada da cavallo騎兵劍、spada da fante步兵劍、以及后來的spada da lato佩劍，civilian cut&thrust sword民用劈刺劍。劈刺劍后來才成為迅捷劍，在現(xiàn)代有時被稱為stricia(意大利語)。

  現(xiàn)代擊劍的花劍和重劍奇源于輕劍，那是一種沒開刃的長錐子。